Introduction to various optimization techniques

Today in every field, there is a desire to get maximum profit with the least investment. Efficiency and utilization with minimum investment are key requirements. And here comes the idea of optimization. Optimization is a process of choosing the best available options from given alternatives which, as a result, gives us the best solution. For example, in the design of a bridge, civil engineers must make many decisions in various stages of construction. So, optimization is nothing but making the best feasible decision. The goal of such decisions is either to maximize the profit or to minimize the effort. It is a crucial tool for analyzing systems. Both maximizing and minimizing are two categories of optimization problems. Optimization methods are applied to many problems in various fields to handle practical problems. It is not limited to some fields only; the idea is used widely in all fields. With the advancement in computing techniques, optimization has become an important part of problem-solving. Many optimization techniques have been proposed in the last few years by researchers. However, despite many optimization algorithms, no method is suitable for all optimization problems. The most appropriate method is selected based on the specific problem.

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