Simulating hierarchical data to assess the utility of ecological versus multilevel analyses in obtaining individual-level causal effects

Kakampakou, L and Stokes, J and Hoehn, A and de Kamps, M and Lawniczak, W and Arnold, KF and Hensor, EMA and Heppenstall, AJ and Gilthorpe, MS (2025) Simulating hierarchical data to assess the utility of ecological versus multilevel analyses in obtaining individual-level causal effects. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 25 (79). pp. 1-23. ISSN 1471-2288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02504-6

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