Optimal Strategies for Construction Waste Mitigation: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Notwithstanding the significant number of studies and other interventions, such as government policies and fiscal measures to address its waste intensiveness, the construction industry remains the largest contributor of wastes to landfill across many nations, while also consuming a significant proportion of energy and mineral resources. Consequently, this study aims at establishing the most effective strategies for mitigating waste during construction processes. The study adopts an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach, using the findings from thematically analysed focus group discussion and systematic literature review, from the exploratory stage to inform a questionnaire design. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was developed at the second stage of the study. The study suggests that while policy and legislative provisions should provide great motivation for construction waste mitigation, six key measures are requisite for effective waste mitigation. Most importantly, the use of prefabrication construction method instead of cast-in-situ could reduce construction waste significantly. Other key strategies include contractual provisions for waste minimization, maximization of materials reuse, contractors' dedication and competencies, waste effective site planning, and enhanced collaborative culture in project delivery. The findings of this study would assist in understanding the major measures and requisite practices for engendering waste minimization during the construction stage of project delivery processes.