Items where Author is "Arnold, KF"

Kakampakou, L and Stokes, J and Hoehn, A and de Kamps, M and Lawniczak, W and Arnold, KF and Hensor, EMA and Heppenstall, AJ and Gilthorpe, MS (2025) Simulating hierarchical data to assess the utility of ecological versus multilevel analyses in obtaining individual-level causal effects. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 25 (79). pp. 1-23. ISSN 1471-2288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02504-6

Berrie, L and Arnold, KF and Tomova, GD and Gilthorpe, MS and Tennant, PWG (2024) Depicting deterministic variables within directed acyclic graphs (DAGs): An aid for identifying and interpreting causal effects involving derived variables and compositional data. American Journal of Epidemiology. pp. 1-22. ISSN 0002-9262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae153